POLISI Y'U RWANDA

Yanditswe na IP Francois MUGIRANEZA

Turi mu Isi y’iterambere ryihuta ku muvuduko wo hejuru, aho ikoranabuhanga ari kimwe mu bishyirwamo imbaraga cyane bitewe n’uburyo ryoroshya ikorwa ry’ibintu runaka, byashoboraga gukorwa n’abantu benshi, gutwara imbaraga nyinshi n’igihe kirekire kugira ngo bikorwe.

N’ubwo bimeze bityo, ku rundi ruhande Ikoranabuhanga ryateje ubwiyongere bw’ibyaha bikorwa ryifashishijwe hirya no hino ku isi nk’ubujura bunyuze mu kwiba amakuru y'ibanga, konti za banki, kwiba hakoreshejwe uburiganya bwo kuri interineti n’ibindi, bigateza impagarara mu buzima bwa muntu ziturutse kuri ibyo byaha, bisaba inzego z’umutekano gushyiramo imbaraga nyinshi mu guhangana nabyo.

Mu guhagurukira iki kibazo, Polisi y’u Rwanda yafashe ingamba zihariye, ishyiraho uburyo bw’inyigisho z’icyerekezo zishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga ku bapolisi, binyuze mu Ishuri Rikuru rya Polisi y’u Rwanda (National Police College-NPC) ryubatse mu Karere ka Musanze. 

Muri iri shuri, hatangirwa amahugurwa mu buryo bugezweho ajyanye no guhanga udushya, guha abapolisi ubumenyi n’ubushobozi mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga n’ubuyobozi bufite indangagaciro; mu rwego rwo guhangana n’urusobe rw’ibibazo by’umutekano byugarije isi muri iki kinyejana cya 21 mu buryo bwa kinyamwuga.

Amavu n’amavuko y’Ishuri rikuru rya Polisi y’u Rwanda

Ryashinzwe mu mwaka w’1974, rihabwa izina rya EGENA (École de Gendarmerie Nationale) kugeza mu mwaka wa 2001, ubwo ryahabwaga izina rya NPA (National Police Academy), nyuma mu mwaka wa 2013 riza gufata izina ryaryo rifite ubu ry’Ishuri rikuru rya Polisi;  ‘NPC’ mu magambo ahinnye y’icyongereza.

Inyubako igezweho y’Ishuri rikuru rya Polisi igizwe n’ibyumba bitangirwamo amasomo n’ibiganiro ndetse n’amacumbi bifasha mu migendekere myiza y’amahugurwa ya ba ofisiye bakuru

Uyu munsi, Ishuri rikuru rya Polisi (NPC) rihagaze ryemye nk'urumuri rw'indashyikirwa mu Karere, ryihatira gutoza abapolisi mu by’imyitwarire mbonezamurimo n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ngo bagire ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’urusobe rw’ibibazo by’umutekano n’ibyaha by’inzaduka, haba imbere mu gihugu ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Kugeza ubu kandi, muri iri shuri abapolisi 400 bamaze gusoza amasomo no guhabwa impamyabumenyi mu cyiciro cy’amahugurwa agenerwa ba Ofisiye bakuru mu bijyanye n’ubuyobozi no gukemura amakimbirane (Police Senior Command and Staff Course-PSCSC) barimo abanyarwanda 237 n’abakomoka mu bindi bihugu 163. 

Ni mu gihe icyiciro kirimo guhabwa amasomo nk’ayo muri uyu mwaka, ari icya 14, kigizwe n’abagera kuri 38 barimo abo mu nzego z’umutekano z’u Rwanda 23 n’abo mu zo mu bindi bihugu by’Afurika bangana na 15.

Ku kindi cyiciro cy’amahugurwa ayabanziriza, agenerwa ba Ofisiye bato (Police Junior Command and Staff Course-PJCSC), abapolisi 419 bose hamwe basoje amasomo hagati ya 2017/2018 na 2024/2025. Muri bo, 409 ni Abanyarwanda mu gihe 10 bakomoka mu bihugu bitandukanye by’Afurika. Ni ku nshuro ya 14 aya mahugurwa arimo gutangirwa muri iri shuri aho abayitabiriye bagera kuri 47 bose bo mu nzego z’umutekano z’u Rwanda barimo kuyakurikirana.

Ba ofisiye bakuru basoje amahugurwa n'abayobozi bitabiriye umuhango wo gutanga impamyabumenyi basobanurirwa buri kimwe ku ikoranabuhanga ryashyizwe mu byumba by’amashuri agezweho ubwo byamurikwaga ku mugaragaro

Muri iri shuri kandi hatangirwa amahugurwa yigisha abapolisi ubunyamwuga n’ubumenyi bwihariye mu byo gucunga umutekano azwi nka ‘Tactical course’ mu rurimi rw’icyongereza, yatangijwe bwa mbere mu mwaka wa 2017/2018, kuri ubu akaba arimo kuba ku nshuro ya 17, aho hamaze guhugurwa abagera kuri 630 barimo abo mu Rwanda 611 n’abo mu bindi bihugu 19 byo ku mugabane w’Afurika.

Abanyeshuri 1,275 nibo bamaze kurangiza amasomo y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza (bachelor’s degree), bahawe impamyabumenyi mu mashami ane ariyo; ICT, Igipolisi cy’umwuga, Amategeko n'indimi. Muri bo harimo abapolisi 1,124, abo mu rwego rw’igihugu rushinzwe Ubugenzacyaha (RIB) 145 n’ abasirikare mu ngabo z’u Rwanda (RDF) batandatu (6).

Kujyanisha amahugurwa n’impinduka z’ibibazo by’umutekano 

Amasomo atangirwa mu Ishuri rikuru rya Polisi, ntashingira ku mikorere ya gakondo. Ishuri ryateguye gahunda zitandukanye kugeza ku cyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza (Master’s) hagamijwe guha abapolisi ubumenyi n'ubushobozi bufatika bujyanye no gucunga umutekano mu kinyejana cya 21.

Mu byiciro byose by’amahugurwa ahatangirwa arimo aya ba Ofisiye bakuru (PSCSC) bahabwa impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya gatatu cya Kaminuza (Master’s degree), amahugurwa agenerwa ba Ofisiye bato ari yo; PJCSC na Tactical Command Course (PTCC), amahugurwa y’ubumenyi bw’ibanze mu kugenza ibyaha (Basic Criminal Investigation-BCIC) ndetse n’amahugurwa yo kurwanya inkongi n’ubuyobozi (Fire and Leadership Training-FLT), intego y’aya masomo ni ugutoza abapolisi kuri buri rwego  gukora kinyamwuga no kubasha guhangana n’impinduka z’ibibazo by’umutekano.

Abiga mu cyiciro cya kabiri cya Kaminuza mu mashami atanu ari yo; Igipolisi cy’umwuga, amategeko, Ikoranabuhanga, Indimi, n’Itumanaho n’itangazamakuru, bahakura ubumenyi n’ubuhanga bubafasha mu kazi ka buri munsi ko gucunga umutekano mu mashami atandukanye ya Polisi y’u Rwanda no mu zindi nzego zishinzwe iyubahirizamategeko. 

Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu kuvugurura imitangire y’amahugurwa

Ibyumba by’amashuri bitangirwamo amasomo mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, byubatswe muri iri shuri bifasha mu guhugura abanyeshuri uburyo bugezweho bwo gutegura akazi ka buri munsi; nko gushushanya, gusoma ikarita n’izindi gahunda z’ibikorwa bya Polisi kuri buri cyiciro cy’amahugurwa.

Abanyeshuri biga mu cyiciro cya kabiri cya Kaminuza mu Ishami ry’ikoranabuhanga ‘ICT’ bakurikira amasomo muri kimwe mu byumba byashyizwemo ikoranabuhanga rigezweho

Biba birimo laboratwari ya za mudasobwa, ibyumba by’inama n’amashuri yihariye kuri buri cyiciro cy’amahugurwa kandi buri cyumba cyashyizwemo ibikoresho bigezweho abanyeshuri bifashisha na interineti yihuta yifashishwa mu biganiro n’amasomo.

Umuyobozi w’Ishuri Commissioner of Police (CP) Rafiki Mujiji, yasobanuye ko aya mashuri ajyanye n’igihe yifashisha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryoroshya itangwa ry’amasomo mu buryo bunoze kandi bufatika binyuze mu guhuza ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga  n’uburyo bugezweho mu itumanaho n’itangazamakuru.

Yagize ati: "Muri iki kinyejana, nta kintu na kimwe gishobora gukorwa neza hatabayeho kwifashisha ikoranabuhanga. Tugendeye mu murongo w’ubuyobozi bw'igihugu cyacu, twinjije uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu myigire yacu kugira ngo dutegure abapolisi bashobora gutanga serivisi z'umutekano binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga." 

Umuyobozi w'Ishuri Rikuru rya Polisi, Commissioner of Police (CP) Rafiki Mujiji, ageza ijambo ku bitabiriye umuhango wo gutanga impamyabumenyi ku bari basoje amasomo y’ubuyobozi agenerwa ba ofisiye bakuru (PSCSC)

Yongeyeho ko bifasha abanyeshuri mu kwiga, gukora imyitozo-ngiro no gukora ubushakashatsi kuri interineti, bituma umupolisi abasha gusesengura ibintu byabayeho ku isi mu buryo bwihuse bigakoranwa ubuhanga bukomeye kandi bigendanye n’igihe."

Guha umurongo intekerezo no kurema abayobozi b’icyerekezo 

Usibye ikoranabuhanga, Ishuri rikuru rya Polisi ryibanda ku masomo afasha abanyeshuri kuba abayobozi b’icyerekezo abubakamo imitekerereze itabogama n’imikorere ihamye nk’uko bisobanurwa n'umwe mu bari ku mahugurwa agenerwa ba ofisiye bakuru, Superintendent of Police (SP) Steven Nkurunziza.

Yagize ati: “Amahugurwa y’ubuyobozi agenerwa ba ofisiye bakuru ashimangira ubushobozi bwacu bwo gutekereza neza no gushaka umuti w’ibibazo by’umutekano bigenda bihindura isura, binyuze mu gushyiraho ingamba zifatika zo guhangana n’ibihungabanya umutekano.”

Yashimangiye ko aya mahugurwa atangirwa mu Ishuri rikuru rya Polisi adafasha abapolisi mu nshingano zo kugenzura iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko gusa, ahubwo banagira uruhare mu ishyirwaho ry’ingamba z’umutekano mu gihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu buryo bwa kinyamwuga.

Ubufatanye n’uruhare ku micungire y’umutekano mu Karere

Ishuri Rikuru rya Polisi kuva ryavugururwa ryagize uruhare rugaragara mu guhugura abo mu nzego z’umutekano haba imbere mu gihugu ndetse no hanze.

Binyuze muri gahunda z’ubufatanye n’ibigo by’amashuri makuru atandukanye nka Kaminuza y’u Rwanda (UR) na Kaminuza Nyafurika yigisha ibijyanye n’ubuyobozi (ALU) hashyizweho gahunda z’amasomo azamura ubumenyi n’ubushobozi bw’abitabira ayo masomo.

Minisitiri w’umutekano w’imbere mu gihugu, Dr. Vincent Biruta, ashimangira ko guverinoma yiyemeje guteza imbere imyigire ishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga n’uburezi bw’icyerekezo mu muhango wo gutangiza ibyumba by’amashuri byashyizwemo ikoranabuhanga rigezweho

Ishuri kandi rikomeje ubufatanye n’ibindi bigo nk’Ikigo cy’icyitegererezo CoESPU cyo mu Butaliyani gitanga amahugurwa ajyanye no kubungabunga amahoro, Kaminuza ya Kent State yo muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika (USA) hagamijwe kongera ubumenyi binyuze mu masomo yo ku rwego rw’impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga (PhD) n’icyiciro cya gatatu cya Kaminuza (Master’s).

Nk’ikigo cy’icyitegererezo gikorerera mu Karere k’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba kabarizwamo Umuryango uhuza abayobozi bakuru ba Polisi z’ibihugu muri ako karere (EAPCCO), Ishuri rikuru rya Polisi rimaze guhugura abapolisi bakomoka mu bihugu 25 by’Afurika, bishimangira imitangire myiza y’amahugurwa y’ubuyobozi mu kubaka igipolisi cy’umwuga.

Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza

Ubuyobozi buvuga ko ishuri rikuru rya Polisi riteganya kwagura ibikorwa byaryo, ryongera umubare w’ibyumba by’amashuri arimo ikoranabuhanga rigezweho no kwagura ubufatanye kugira ngo umusaruro ritanga urusheho kwiyongera. Muri gahunda harimo no kubaka amacumbi y’abanyeshuri, aho gukorera imyidagaduro, ubushakashatsi no kungurana ibitekerezo mu guteza imbere amasomo ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Binyuze mu ivugururwa ry’nteganyanyigisho, ibikorwaremezo by’ikoranabuhanga ndetse n’ubufatanye mpuzamahanga, Ishuri rikuru rya Polisi ririmo gutanga umurongo w’ibikenewe mu bijyanye  n’amahugurwa ku mutekano mu bihe bya none, rikomeza gutyaza ubumenyi bw’abapolisi mu guhangana n’ibyaha byifashisha ikoranabuhanga, iterabwoba n’ibindi byaha byambukiranya imipaka bifitiye icyizere kandi babikora kinyamwuga.

Laboratwari igezweho ya mudasobwa ifasha abanyeshuri mu bushakashatsi, guhanga udushya no kurahura ubumenyi mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga

Inyubako igizwe n’ibyumba by’amashuri y’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ‘Smart Classrooms’, byitezweho koroshya imyigire n’ibiganiro bitangirwa mu ishuri rikuru rya Polisi